Pharaohs
- Akhenaten - abandoned traditional ancient Egyptian religion of polytheism and introduced Atenism - monotheism
- Amenhotep III - his reign was a period of unprecedented prosperity and splendour, when Egypt reached the peak of its artistic and international power, and he is considered one of ancient Egypt's greatest pharaohs; two massive stone statues of the Pharaoh stand at the front of the Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III, the largest temple in the Theban Necropolis
- Djoser - known for his step pyramid, which is the earliest colossal stone building in ancient Egypt
- Hadrian - Roman emperor from 117 to 138
- Hatshepsut - the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose II and the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty; daughter of Thutmose I
- Horemheb - commander-in-chief of the army under the reigns of Tutankhamun and Ay before he became pharaoh; demolished monuments of Akhenaten, and reused the rubble in his own building projects
- Khafre - his enormous pyramid at Giza, the Pyramid of Khafre, is surpassed only by his father's (Khufu's the Great Pyramid); the Great Sphinx of Giza was also built for him
- Khufu (aka Cheops) - commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza
- Menkaure - his is the smallest of the three Giza pyramids; son of Khafre
- Mentuhotep II (aka Nebhepetre) - reunited Egypt thus ending the turbulent First Intermediate Period and becoming the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom
- Meresankh III - granddaughter of King Khufu and wife of King Khafre
- Narmer - founder of the First Dynasty and the first king of a unified Egypt
- Nectanebo I - founder of the last native dynasty of Egypt, the 30th
- Nefertari - wife of Ramesses II; large and lavishly decorated tomb in Valley of the Queens
- Nefertiti - wife of Akhenaten
- Ptolemy - Greek successors to the pharaohs; last dynasty of ancient Egypt until its incorporation into the Roman Republic
- Ramesses II - regarded as the greatest and most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom, which was the most powerful period of ancient Egypt
- Ramesses III - last pharaoh of the New Kingdom; his reign saw the decline of Egyptian political and economic power
- Senusret I (aka Sesostris I) - twelfth dynasty; expanded the territory of Egypt and ruled over an age of prosperity
- Seti I - father of Ramesses II
- Setnakht - father of Ramesses III
- Sneferu - father of Khufu; introduced major innovations in the design and construction of pyramids
- Tausert - second wife of Seti II and last pharaoh of the nineteenth dynasty
- Tahraqa - a pharaoh of the twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt and qore (king) of the Kingdom of Kush; one of the "Black Pharaohs" - Nubian or Kushite Pharaohs - who ruled over Egypt for nearly a century
- Thutmose I - succeeded Amenhotep I
- Thutmose III - perhaps the greatest warrior, military commander and military strategist of ancient Egypt; stepson and nephew of Hatshepsut
- Thutmose IV - grandfather of Akhenaten
- Tutankhamun - possibly son of Akhenaten; restored the traditional polytheism; famous due to the 1922 discovery of his mostly undisturbed tomb
- Unas - the ninth and last ruler of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt during the Old Kingdom; built a pyramid in Saqqara, the smallest of the royal pyramids completed during the Old Kingdom
- (Sneferu) > Khufu > Khafre > Menkaure = Giza pyramid builders